{"id":33314,"date":"2024-05-27T15:40:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T13:40:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sloneek.com\/?post_type=blog&p=33314"},"modified":"2026-08-12T10:08:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T08:08:12","slug":"ai-legislativa","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.sloneek.com\/cs\/blog\/ai-legislativa\/","title":{"rendered":"AI a legislativa: Pr\u00e1ce, autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, GDPR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1 Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed AI na pracovi\u0161ti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V souvislosti s rozvojem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro zam\u011bstnavatele nov\u00e1 v\u00fdzva, ot\u00e1zka, jak vhodn\u011b upravit pracovn\u00ed smlouvy<\/strong>, aby zam\u011bstnanci nemohli zneu\u017e\u00edvat um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a vyd\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci j\u00ed zpracovanou za svou. Tato problematika se dynamicky vyv\u00edj\u00ed s rozvojem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a jej\u00ed \u00faprava zat\u00edm nen\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena. Aby zam\u011bstnavatel p\u0159ede\u0161el u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, m\u016f\u017ee nastavit pravidla<\/strong>, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad plo\u0161n\u00fd z\u00e1kaz um\u011blou inteligenci u\u017e\u00edvat, t\u00edm by ale p\u0159ipravil jak sv\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance, tak sebe o n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnadnit a zdokonalit pr\u00e1ci. Pokud se tedy zam\u011bstnavatel nerozhodne pro plo\u0161n\u00fd z\u00e1kaz um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, je vhodn\u00e9, aby upravil tuto problematiku intern\u00edm p\u0159edpisem<\/strong>, ve kter\u00e9m by se m\u011bl zam\u011b\u0159it na p\u00e1r nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rizik pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence zam\u011bstnanci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 Rizika pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rizika pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstup\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1ce s neprov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi zdroji<\/strong>. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo t\u00e9to hrozb\u011b lze nastavit ve spole\u010dnosti pravidla v podob\u011b z\u00e1kazu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ne\u017e t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edmo firmou schv\u00e1leny a p\u0159edeps\u00e1ny. V souvislosti s t\u00edm je vhodn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st intern\u00ed schvalovac\u00ed postupy pro u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a zaveden\u00ed seznamu schv\u00e1len\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm problematick\u00fdm aspektem u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je mo\u017enost poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek n\u00e1stroje<\/strong>. Obchodn\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto velmi obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a m\u00e1lokdo se do\u010dte a\u017e k jejich konci, ov\u0161em v takov\u00e9m textu b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto obsa\u017eeny z\u00e1sadn\u00ed informace o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Nev\u011bnuj\u00ed-li zam\u011bstnanci dostate\u010dnou pozornost t\u00e9to oblasti, hroz\u00ed, \u017ee nev\u011bdomky poru\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdstupy um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence za \u00fa\u010delem, za kter\u00fdm je u\u017e\u00edt nesm\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tomuto probl\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel op\u011bt p\u0159edej\u00edt t\u00edm, \u017ee zavede seznam povolen\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, u nich\u017e nech\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b prostudovat.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm problematick\u00fdm aspektem je fakt, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanci pracuj\u00edc\u00ed za pomoci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, mohou snadno vyzradit obchodn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed.<\/strong> Data, kter\u00e1 zad\u00e1vaj\u00ed do n\u00e1stroj\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f automaticky ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed na servery provozovatele um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Takov\u00fd \u00fanik by mohl znamenat vyzrazen\u00ed obchodn\u00edho tajemstv\u00ed ze strany zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Zam\u011bstnavatel by tedy m\u011bl zav\u00e9st pravidlo p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazu vl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed povahu obchodn\u00edho tajemstv\u00ed nebo d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed do syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako dal\u0161\u00ed je t\u0159eba pouk\u00e1zat na riziko poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/strong>. Zad\u00e1-li zam\u011bstnanec do n\u00e1stroje um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence data, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed povahu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, dojde tak k jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t ve\u0161ker\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed plynouc\u00edch z GDPR a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f upravuj\u00edc\u00edch ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. M\u011blo by b\u00fdt zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm jasn\u011b sd\u011bleno, \u017ee data, kter\u00e1 do syst\u00e9mu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed maj\u00ed povahu anonymizovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, aby nedo\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, \u010di aby v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed nenesl odpov\u011bdnost zam\u011bstnavatel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v oblasti u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence zam\u011bstnanci je fakt, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1stroje generuj\u00ed obsah odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed kvalit\u011b vstupn\u00edch dat, na nich\u017e byl model tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n<\/strong>. Nejsou-li vstupn\u00ed data p\u0159esn\u00e1, nebude p\u0159esn\u00fd ani v\u00fdstup. Proto se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence generuje obsah nep\u0159esn\u00fd, \u010dasto dokonce chybn\u00fd. V p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch pravidlech u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence v dan\u00e9 firm\u011b je proto vhodn\u00e9 upravit, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanec odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za j\u00edm odvedenou pr\u00e1ci bez ohledu na to, zda pracoval s pomoc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nebo bez n\u00ed.<\/strong> Touto \u00fapravou budou zam\u011bstnanci nuceni v\u00fdstupy um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence kontrolovat a kriticky hodnotit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b upravit dle pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt AI autorem?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Autorstv\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Spolu s rozvojem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00e1 je schopna vytv\u00e1\u0159et d\u00edla neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b podobn\u00e1 v\u00fdsledk\u016fm lidsk\u00e9 tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnosti, vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka autorstv\u00ed takov\u00fdch d\u011bl.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Podle autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona je autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem jedine\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnosti autora. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence ale pracuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b algoritm\u016f, u\u010den\u00ed a vstupn\u00edch dat, pova\u017eovat v\u00fdsledek takov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti za autorsk\u00fd, je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm problematick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Argumenty se d\u011bl\u00ed do dvou sm\u011br\u016f, jedna \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o pouhou aplikaci algoritmu, kter\u00e1 autorskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany nepo\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, druh\u00e1 naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jedn\u00e1-li se o d\u00edlo natolik sofistikovan\u00e9 a jedine\u010dn\u00e9, pak by se autorsk\u00fdm naz\u00fdvat mohlo a algoritmus um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence by tak \u0161el p\u0159irovnat k lidsk\u00e9 inspiraci, znalostem a zku\u0161enostem, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnost prob\u00edh\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Autor d\u00edla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pokud by d\u00edlo um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za d\u00edlo autorsk\u00e9, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed problematick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kdo je autorem. Autorem d\u00edla je dle \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v\u017edy fyzick\u00e1 osoba neboli tv\u016frce d\u00edla.<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v\u0161ak nen\u00ed osobou. Autorem tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f tv\u016frce um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, nebo fyzick\u00e9 osoby jako u\u017eivatel\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, nebo um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence sama.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.1 Tv\u016frce um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 pova\u017euje za autora d\u00edla autora um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il algoritmus a nau\u010dil um\u011blou inteligenci tvo\u0159it. Jako argument pro tento v\u00fdklad slou\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na fakt, \u017ee bez t\u011bchto osob by nikdy nevznikla um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, a tedy ani n\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdtvor um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Jako protich\u016fdn\u00fd argument ale stoj\u00ed fakt, \u017ee samotn\u00fd prvotn\u00ed impulz k v\u00fdtvoru nelze pova\u017eovat za v\u00fdtvor samotn\u00fd. Tento v\u00fdklad nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edla nesta\u010d\u00ed d\u00e1t k jeho tvorb\u011b podn\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.2 U\u017eivatel um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 za autora pova\u017euje u\u017eivatele um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00fd zad\u00e1v\u00e1 vstupy a t\u00edm \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tvorbu. D\u016fvodem, pro\u010d se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bt k tomuto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i je, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnost t\u011bchto jedinc\u016f se nejv\u00edce odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Bez prvotn\u00edho vstupu u\u017eivatele by nikdy d\u00edlo nevzniklo, respektive vzniklo by d\u00edlo \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9. Problematick\u00e9 ale je, \u017ee p\u0159i zad\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdch\u017e vstupn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f opakovan\u011b po sob\u011b d\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v\u017edy odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdstup, autorstv\u00ed u\u017eivatele um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je tedy tak\u00e9 zpochybniteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.3 Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u0159et\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee autorem je sama um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, jeliko\u017e ale um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence nen\u00ed osobou, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nositelem autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed p\u0159ipadla autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vlastn\u00edkovi um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 by ov\u0161em dal prostor pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence jako obchodovateln\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl. V takov\u00e9 situaci by autorstv\u00ed dostalo zcela jin\u00fd rozm\u011br, ne\u017e jak jej upravuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy dnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00faprava<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 autorskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava nereflektuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav v\u00fdvoje um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/strong> Odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky zat\u00edm nejsou nijak z\u0159ejm\u00e9. Chystan\u00fd akt o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci s nimi nepracuje. Evropsk\u00e1 komise ale navrhla ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b o du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ov\u00fd test. Podle n\u011bj ale, aby byl v\u00fdstup um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence kvalifikov\u00e1n jako d\u00edlo, musel by zahrnovat lidsk\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed. Lze tedy o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nebude podl\u00e9hat autorskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochran\u011b d\u00edlo tvo\u0159en\u00e9 \u010dist\u011b um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3 V\u00fdvoj AI a ochrana osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S problematikou rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence \u00fazce souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zka ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/strong>. V oblasti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed vyvst\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hrozby, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad riziko poru\u0161en\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/strong>. Ten, kdo um\u011blou inteligenci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, ale i ten, kdo napom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdvoji um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00e1 a organiza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, jinak hroz\u00ed, \u017ee dojde k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k osobn\u00edm \u00fadaj\u016fm zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed AI a GDPR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a princip GDPR stoj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m protikladu.<\/strong> Zat\u00edmco hlavn\u00ed ideou, na kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed pravidla pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f je tzv. z\u00e1sada \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9ho omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je zakotvena v \u010dl. 5 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. b) GDPR, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje by m\u011bly b\u00fdt shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1ny pouze pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, a tedy nem\u011blo by doch\u00e1zet k jejich zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd by tomuto odporoval. Nosnou ideou um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je naopak maximalizace dat neboli snaha z\u00edsk\u00e1vat co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dat, ze kter\u00fdch se um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence u\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed algoritmu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence p\u0159edstavuje prost\u0159edek zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoliv \u00fa\u010del zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Rozsah \u00fadaj\u016f upraven\u00fd z\u00e1sadou minimalizace \u00fadaj\u016f se odv\u00edj\u00ed od pot\u0159eb algoritmu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z \u00fa\u010delu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slu\u017eby. \u00dadaje vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jako prost\u0159edek zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tedy pod tuto z\u00e1sadu p\u0159\u00edmo nespadaj\u00ed. V praktick\u00e9 rovin\u011b budou ov\u0161em tyto informace velmi podobn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech se objevuj\u00ed \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 by byly u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro spolehlivost algoritmu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, u nich\u017e ale nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 obh\u00e1jit nezbytnost \u00fa\u010delu. Takov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed by pak bylo poru\u0161en\u00edm principu minimalizace dat zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f podle GDPR.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9mem, ke kter\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet v t\u00e9to oblasti, je nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 anonymizace \u00fadaj\u016f<\/strong>. Syst\u00e9my um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat data ze zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch kategori\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. V t\u00e9to oblasti je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby pro u\u010den\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na rad\u011bji data syntetick\u00e1, tedy neobsahuj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje. Pokud dojde k tomu, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji prom\u00edtne do generovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee se u\u017eivatel syst\u00e9mu stane spr\u00e1vcem osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f podle \u010dl. 24 GDPR a ponese tak souvisej\u00edc\u00ed povinnosti spr\u00e1vce.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba se pozastavit nad ot\u00e1zkou z\u00e1konnosti a transparentnosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee provozovatel\u00e9 syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f nebo neposkytuj\u00ed transparentn\u00ed informace subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v subjekt\u016f \u00fadaj\u016f a ztr\u00e1t\u011b d\u016fv\u011bry. Mezi rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s prac\u00ed s v\u00fdstupy z um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence m\u016f\u017eeme d\u00e1le za\u0159adit tak\u00e9 neadekv\u00e1tnost uchov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f s t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami a ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdstupy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 V\u00fdvoj um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdvoje um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je ale situace odli\u0161n\u00e1. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed testovac\u00edch dat. Bude-li testovac\u00ed sada obsahovat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, mus\u00ed je v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 shrom\u00e1\u017edit, ale i od\u016fvodnit jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pro \u00fa\u010dely v\u00fdvoje algoritmu<\/strong>. V z\u00e1sad\u011b si pak spr\u00e1vce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00fd si p\u0159eje vyu\u017e\u00edt jich k v\u00fdvoji a testov\u00e1n\u00ed algoritmu, m\u016f\u017ee vybrat z v\u00edce alternativ, jak toho doc\u00edlit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1vce m\u016f\u017ee dovodit, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 poskytuje z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f je tedy nezbytn\u00e9 za \u00fa\u010delem pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy mezi spr\u00e1vcem a subjektem \u00fadaj\u016f v souladu s \u010dl. 6 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. b) GDPR. Vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 zde ale ot\u00e1zka, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry bylo zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat skute\u010dn\u011b nezbytn\u00e9 za \u00fa\u010delem poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eby, jak vy\u017eaduje princip minimalizace. Spr\u00e1vce d\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee zpracov\u00e1vat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu podle \u010dl. 6 odst. 1 p\u00edsm. f) GDPR. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem ale podl\u00e9h\u00e1 tzv. balan\u010dn\u00edmu testu neboli posouzen\u00ed, zda z\u00e1jmy subjekt\u016f \u00fadaj\u016f nep\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nad opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem spr\u00e1vce. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1jem ale bude p\u0159edstavovat nov\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Tento sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del mus\u00ed proj\u00edt testem slu\u010ditelnosti \u00fa\u010del\u016f zakotven\u00e9m v \u010dl. 6 odst. 4 GDPR. Mezi \u00fa\u010dely mus\u00ed zejm\u00e9na existovat vazby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i AI by m\u011bli db\u00e1t na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/strong> To lze zajistit zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ijet\u00edm technick\u00fdch a organiza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro minimalizaci rizika ztr\u00e1ty, zneu\u017eit\u00ed nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i by m\u011bli u\u017e\u00edvat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jako nap\u0159\u00edklad anonymizaci \u010di pseudonymizaci nebo \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, u\u017e\u00edvat zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 ulo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dat a sledovat, kdo m\u00e1 k dat\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup. Z pohledu GDPR je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed tak\u00e9 transparentnost a informovanost. Osoby, jejich\u017e \u00fadaje se zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b informov\u00e1ny a pou\u010deny o sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech ve vztahu k dan\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":33315,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_acf":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-33314","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_categories-ai","blog_categories-zakonik-prace"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAI a legislativa: Pr\u00e1ce, autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, GDPR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0rozvojem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro zam\u011bstnavatele nov\u00e1 v\u00fdzva, ot\u00e1zka, jak vhodn\u011b upravit pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, aby zam\u011bstnanci nemohli zneu\u017e\u00edvat um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a vyd\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci j\u00ed zpracovanou za svou.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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